​Department of Psychology

The questionnaire is designed to assess dysexecutive symptoms associated with both acute and chronic exposure to high-altitude hypoxia. It investigates multiple cognitive domains related to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex functioning, including attention, planning, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and judgment, through targeted questions focused on climbers’ subjective experiences in extreme environments. As well known, executive functions and higher-order cognitive control are critically supported by prefrontal cortex networks (Badre & Nee, 2018; Knight & D’Esposito, 1999; Knight et al., 1995; Miller & Cohen, 2001; Jiang et al., 2025), and are particularly vulnerable to environmental stressors such as hypoxia. Environmental hypoxia, resulting from reduced oxygen supply, poses a significant risk of dysfunctioning and damaging the neurocognitive system, particularly in relation to anxiety and stress. Inadequate oxygenation can lead to acute and chronic brain damage. Scholars used behavioral, hemodynamic, and electromagnetic neurofunctional techniques to investigate the effects of normobaric and hypobaric hypoxia on neurocognitive systems. They found a correlation between hypoxia, altered psychomotor responses, and changes in neurocognitive functions Borden et al., 2024; Huang et al., 2026; Suzin et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2021; Yan et al., 2011). Prolonged exposure exacerbates these effects, resulting in compensatory delayed behavioral responses and alterations in behavioral monitoring and conflict inhibitory control. Thus, neurocognitive function and integrity are under stress. These changes illustrate the spectrum from sensory detection to more complex cognitive processing, highlighting the brain efficiency in managing information (McMorris et al., 2017; Zani et al., 2023, 2024, 2025). The present project proposes that high altitude (HA) level reached, repetitions of such reaching, and the duration of permanence at a specific HA, may be positively related to impairments and alterations of both neurocognitive structures and functions. We shall examine whether the proposed relationships among the mentioned variables really exist studying the self-reported, subjectively perceived experiences of skilled mountaineers who summited at least high altitude (HA) peaks of at least 6,500 m. The present battery comprises 43 brief situational and environmental scenarios administered via Google Forms, each requiring the selection of a single response option. All scenarios are designed to be mutually independent. With the exception of scenarios #13 and #19, which each provide five response options, all other scenarios offer three alternatives. The battery requires approximately 10 minutes to complete. Inclusion criteria for participating to data collection: having summited at least three peaks exceeding 6,500 m (including at least one ascent exceeding 8,000 m) within the past 10 years without the use of supplemental oxygen.

Neuroimaging data, and analysis code for the submitted manuscript: Brain signatures of semantic activation for words that do not exist Rolando Bonandrini1, Simona Amenta1, Simone Sulpizio1, Gianpaolo Basso2, Marco Marelli1, Marco Tettamanti1 1 Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy. 2 School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.

These data are relative to the paper "Neural Signatures of Hyper-Realistic AI-Generated Faces: Dissociating Behavioral Indistinguishability from Implicit Neural Evaluation". The present study aimed to determine whether the human brain preserves sensitivity to the artificial origin of hyper-realistic AI-generated faces even when explicit, behavioral discrimination from real faces fails. By integrating behavioral validation with high-density EEG recordings, we sought to characterize the temporal dynamics and neural substrates underlying the processing of real versus GAN-generated faces across perceptual, evaluative, and familiarity-related stages. Specifically, the study investigated whether implicit neural markers reveal systematic differences in the processing of artificial faces that are behaviorally indistinguishable from real ones, thereby dissociating overt recognition performance from covert neural evaluation.

Dataset relative to the study reported in the article "When remembering items is easier than remembering order". The study aimed at investigating whether remembering a series of items and their order are separate operations. The dataset reports the results of an immediate serial recall task performed with two conditions of cognitive load (high and low) and three conditions of aspect of the series to remember (items, order and both). All the scores recorded in the dataset are expresses as a proportion of correct responses.

Raw data of the study

The stimulus set was used in the ERP paper "Decoding Motivational States and Craving through Electrical Markers for Neural 'Mind Reading’ by Proverbio AM & Zanetti A (2025). The aim of this study was to identify electrical neuromarkers of 12 different motivational and physiological states (such as visceral craves, affective and somatosensory states, and secondary needs) in LIS, coma, or minimally conscious state patients. Auditory stimuli were designed by combining a human expressive voice with a background sound to evoke a context related to the targeted needs. The stimuli included: primary or visceral needs (hunger, thirst, and sleep), homeostatic or somatosensory sensations (cold, heat, and pain), emotional or affective states (sadness, joy, and fear), and secondary needs (desire for music, movement, and play). 17 audio clips were recorded for each micro-category, each replicated twice: once with a male voice and once with a female voice, totaling 408 stimuli. Audacity software was used to combining the vocal track with a background context coherent with the verbal content. Human voices were recorded using Microphone 202 K38 by Hompower (SNR = 80 dB). The semantic content, the prosodic intonation and the emotional tone of all voices were coherent and appropriately matched. Some of the background sounds were recorded using the same microphone, while others were sourced from the publicly accessible BBC Sound Effects library for scientific purposes (https://sound-effects.bbcrewind.co.uk/search). Research was funded by ATE – Fondo di Ateneo No. 31159-2019-ATE-0064, University of Milano-Bicocca. The research project, entitled “Auditory imagery in BCI mental reconstruction” was preapproved by the Research Assessment Committee of the Department of Psychology (CRIP) for minimal risk projects, under the aegis of the Ethical committee of University of Milano-Bicocca, on February 9th, 2024, protocol n: RM-2024-775).

AttiFood Picture Database

An elite professional pianist executed a 30-minute, uninterrupted performance of seven pieces on a Yamaha P-225B digital piano in an anechoic chamber, employing the default soundbank. The repertoire featured Contrapunctus I (BWV 1080) by Bach and an excerpt from Chopin’s Ballade No. 1, Op. 23, performed from memory based on urtext editions. Key-press onset events were annotated per hand to quantify note and gesture counts, excluding legato transitions without discrete attacks. Both performances exhibited a convergent low-frequency periodicity in beat-level timing variability (tactus imprecision), oscillating at approximately 0.36 Hz. This slow temporal modulation aligns with the delta-band range of neural oscillations and may reflect a shared endogenous timing scaffold, plausibly motor in origin, underlying expressive control in skilled performance.

Database to

Complete individual evaluation in cm for hand and finger of sighted and blind participants.