​Department of Sociology and Social Research

Replication data for the paper: Bove, V., Di Salvatore, J., & Elia, L. (2024). What it Takes to Return: UN Peacekeeping and the Safe Return of Displaced People. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 69(5), 898-924. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220027241267191

Data discussed and analyzed in the paper Degli Antoni, G. & Vittucci Marzetti, G. (2022), Estimating the effect on happiness through question randomization: An application to blood donation, Social Science & Medicine, DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115255

Abstract Background This paper aims to assess the presence of gender differences in medication use and mortality in a cohort of patients affected exclusively by hypertension, in 193 municipalities in the Lombardy Region (Northern Italy), including Milan's metropolitan area. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted (N = 232,507) querying administrative healthcare data and the Register of Causes of Death. Hypertensive patients (55.4% women; 44.6% men) in 2017 were identified; gender differences in medication use (treatment, 80% compliance) and deaths (from all causes and CVDs) were assessed at two-year follow-ups in logistic regression models adjusted for age class, census-based deprivation index, nationality, and pre-existing health conditions. Models stratified by age, deprivation index, and therapeutic compliance were also tested. Results Overall, women had higher odds of being treated, but lower odds of therapeutic compliance, death from all causes, and death from CVDs. All the outcomes had clear sex differences across age classes, though not between different levels of deprivation. Comparing patients with medication adherence, women had lower odds of death from all causes than men (with a narrowing protective effect as age increased), while no gender differences emerged in non-compliant patients. Conclusions Among hypertensive patients, gender differences in medication consumption and mortality have been found, but the extent to which these are attributable to a female socio-cultural disadvantage is questionable. The findings reached, with marked age-dependent effects in the outcomes investigated, suggest a prominent role for innate sex differences in biological susceptibility to the disease, whereby women would take advantage of the protective effects of their innate physiological characteristics, especially prior to the beginning of menopause.

Abstract Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is still present in many African countries, as well as a few others. The United Nations has targeted women’s empowerment in terms of both women’s health and gender equality as one of its Sustainable Development Goals. In this paper, we aimed to study the possible link between women’s empowerment and support for the continuation of FGM/C. We used DHS data from seven African countries and considered both the empowerment and FGM/C modules. We selected empowerment variables based on Kabeer’s conceptual framework and used multilevel logistic models to evaluate the putative role of empowerment in support for discontinuing the practice. The multilevel models highlighted the protective effect of education. Other variables, including justification of intimate partner violence (IPV) and having experienced FGM/C, were associated with FGM/C support. The relationship between decision-making and FGM/C support appears complex, while the unmet need for contraception and job conditions do not seem to play a role. Our findings confirm that some aspects of women’s empowerment (education and rejection of IPV) may enhance the discontinuation of FGM/C. However, the relationship between empowerment and support for continuation of FGM/C is complex and should not be treated as self-evident. Thus, using DHS data, we empirically support the UN’s proposal for discontinuing FGM/C through sustaining women’s empowerment.

Introduction. CMG are usually low-grade tumors often found in pediatric age. Histological findings, treatments and classification have been much the same for 40 years, although histological and molecular classifications have largely been developed for other pediatric CNS tumors. The management and treatment of pediatric CMG is still conducted by many authors according to their anatomical location and characteristics, independently from histology. Methods. We conducted a literature review in PubMed (Medline) to identify relevant contributions about pediatric CMG published until December 31st, 2021. We also analyzed a series of 10 patients with CMG treated from 2006 to 2021 at IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori. The aim of the present review is to see whether and how the diagnosis, treatment and classification of cervicomedullary gliomas (CMG) in children have developed over time, especially in the context of molecular advancements, and to analyze our single center experience in the last 15 years. Results. Thirty articles have been included in the review. Articles have been divided in two historical periods (1981-2000 and 2001-2021) and data from different series were analyzed to see how much the management and treatment of pediatric CMG have changed during years. Analysis of our series of 10 patients affected by CMG was also performed to compare it with the literature. Discussion. Management and classification of CMG in children has not dramatically changed during years. However, new insight from molecular diagnostics and target therapies and development of radiological, neurophysiological and radiotherapy techniques have updated treatment modalities in the last 20 years. Treatment modalities and their innovations have been reviewed and discussed. Further studies are needed to standardize and customize treatment protocols for these tumors.

Additional file 1: Figure A1. Adjustedpredictions (with 95% C.I.) of being treated, age*gender*deprivation interaction, at the means of nationalityand pre-existing health conditions. Figure A2. Adjusted predictions (with 95% C.I.) of being in therapeutic compliance, age*gender*deprivation interaction, at the means of nationality andpre-existing health conditions. Figure A3. Adjusted predictions (with95% C.I.) of death from all causes, age*gender*deprivation interaction, at themeans of pre-existing health conditions and therapeutic compliance. Figure A4. Adjusted predictions (with 95% C.I.) of death from CVDs, age*gender*deprivation interaction, at the means of pre-existing health conditions and therapeutic compliance. Figure A5. Adjusted predictions (with 95% C.I.) of death from all causes, age*gender*compliance interaction, at the means of deprivation index and pre-existing health conditions. Figure A6. Adjusted predictions (with95% C.I.) of death from CVDs, age*gender*compliance interaction, at the means of deprivation index and pre-existing health conditions.

Additional file 1. Supplementary results and consistency checks.

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-ssc-10.1177_0894439320909507 for The Gray Digital Divide in Social Networking Site Use in Europe: Results From a Quantitative Study by Emanuela Sala, Alessandra Gaia and Gabriele Cerati in Social Science Computer Review

Social networking sites (SNSs) might be important tools to contrast social exclusion in old age. However, the so-called gray digital divide (GDD) may undermine the potentialities of SNSs. Despite its relevance, there is very little research, which documented the characteristics of the digital divide in SNS use among the old-age population in Europe. Drawing on the “material access in resources and appropriation” theory developed by van Dijk, this work contributes to consolidate the body of research, documenting the nature of the GDD in SNS use in Europe and evaluating the role that older people’s categorical, personal, and positional characteristics together with ICT characteristics play in gaining access to digital technologies. We analyze data from the 2013–2016 Eurostat Community Statistics on Information Societies (CSIS) survey and perform bivariate and multilevel regression analysis. Key findings are (i) the persistence of the intergeneration digital divide in old age together with the marked cross-countries differences in SNS use across European countries and over time and (ii) the stability over old-age generations, countries, and time of the positional categories associated with SNS use in old age, providing further empirical support to van Dijk’s theory.

dataset related to the main results of the Older Adults' Risk Perception during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Lombardy Region of Italy project